“Our results dispute the notion that TBI is a one-time event with a stagnant outcome after a short period of recovery,” said study author Benjamin L. Brett, PhD, of the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee. “Rather, people with TBI continue to show improvement and decline across a range of areas including their ability to function and their thinking skills.”

The study involved people at 18 level 1 trauma center hospitals with an average age of 41. A total of 917 people had mild TBI and 193 people had moderate to severe TBI. They were matched to 154 people with orthopedic injuries but no head injuries. Participants were followed for up to seven years.

The participants took three tests on thinking, memory, mental health and ability to function with daily activities annually from two to seven years post-injury. They also completed an interview on their abilities and symptoms, including headache, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.

When researchers looked at all test scores combined, 21% of people with mild TBI experienced decline, compared to 26% of people with moderate to severe TBI and 15% of people with orthopedic injuries with no head injury, according to Neurology.

Among the three tests, researchers saw the most decline over the years in the ability to function with daily activities. On average, over the course of 2 to 7 years post-injury, a total of 29% of those with mild TBI declined in their abilities and 23% of those with moderate to severe TBI.

Yet some people showed improvement in the same area, with 22% of those with mild TBI improving over time and 36% of those with moderate to severe TBI.

“These findings point out the need to recognize TBI as a chronic condition in order to establish adequate care that supports the evolving needs of people with this condition,” Brett said. “This type of care should place a greater emphasis on helping people who have shown improvement continue to improve and implementing greater levels of support for those who have shown decline.”

A limitation of the study was that all participants were seen at a level 1 trauma center hospital within 24 hours of their injury, so the findings may not apply to other groups of people.

The randomized clinical trial, which included 3,500 participants aged 60 and over, was the second COSMOS study to show that multivitamins significantly improved brain function—with the “vitamin group” far surpassing the placebo group.

“The benefits of taking a multivitamin were maintained throughout the three years of the study,” says board certified internist Jacob Teitelbaum, MD, who advocates nutritional supplementation as a complement to the standard American diet and standard medical therapies. “This confirms numerous earlier studies showing that folate (simple folic acid) dramatically lowers dementia risk.” In addition to a daily multivitamin, he recommends supplementing with a good B complex, folate, vitamin D, and magnesium—all with proven efficacy.

Teitelbaum is one of the world’s leading researchers on effective treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia. His landmark double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in the Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (8:2, 2001) showed profound benefits from nutrition as well as sleep, hormones, treating hidden infections/inflammation, and exercising as able.

“The reason doctors have traditionally been slow to recommend multivitamins is because their training has been pharmaceutical-focused and sorely deficient in nutritional education, he says. “This new COSMOS study is an important step towards setting the record straight—and represents a wakeup call to clinicians, researchers, and media that cover latest medical findings.”

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Hummingbirds consume an average of two to three times their weight in nectar each day. Providing feeders and an abundance of flowers throughout the season will support the hummingbirds and help attract them to your gardens. Keep this in mind as you add plants to your landscape.

Shrubs like azalea, lilac, weigela, buttonbush, and Rose-of-Sharon provide shelter for birds and nectar-filled flowers for hummingbirds and other pollinators to enjoy. The North American native honeysuckle vine adds vertical interest and hummingbird appeal even in small spaces.  Major Wheeler is a variant of the native honeysuckle vine that blooms all summer and is more resistant to powdery mildew.  Watch as the hummingbirds munch on any aphids that attack this plant.  They are great pest managers to have in the garden.

Another native vine, the trumpet vine, is a vigorous grower that can be trained into a small tree or onto a trellis.  This plant will send out suckers requiring some regular maintenance. Be patient as it can take several years for this vine to begin flowering. Avoid overfertilization which results in an even bigger plant and no flowers.

Garden phlox and bee balm are both hummingbird favorites that add color and nectar to the summer garden. Look for powdery mildew-resistant varieties or plant them among other tall plants to hide any discolored foliage that may occur. North American native anise hyssop and liatris are two more favorites you may want to include.

Fill vacant spots in the garden, containers, or hanging baskets with annuals known to attract hummingbirds. Fuchsias, begonias, and impatiens are perfect for shady locations.  Cupheas are often sold under the common names, tiny mice and cigar plant, and prefer a sunnier location. The taller blue horizon ageratum, geranium, bidens, tall verbena, and petunias grow well in gardens and containers.

Both perennial and annual salvias attract hummingbirds.  Place a pot or two of Black and Blue, Black and Bloom, and Wendy’s Wish near your windows, so you can enjoy the frequent visits of your resident hummingbirds.

Add one or more feeders to your landscape. Provide space between the feeders as hummingbirds are territorial. Make sure there is cover within 10 to 15 feet. Fill the container with a 1-part sugar to 4-part water solution. Replace the mixture and clean the feeders every few days. This provides additional food for

It may take a couple of years for the hummingbirds to find your nectar-filled garden. In the meantime, you will enjoy the flowers and other pollinators that stop by to dine.

The study, which looked at the survival of people with ALS over the course of 18 months, was published in the June 21, 2023, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

Researchers also found an omega-6 fatty acid may be beneficial. The omega-omega-6 fatty acid called linoleic acid that is found in vegetable oils, nuts, meats, seeds and eggs was associated with a lower risk of death during the study. The study does not prove that these omega fatty acids slow decline of ALS or extend survival; it only shows an association.

ALS is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. People with ALS lose the ability to initiate and control muscle movement, which often leads to total paralysis and death. The average life span after diagnosis is two to five years.

“The link our study found between diet and ALS is intriguing and suggests, but does not prove, that people with ALS may benefit from incorporating more omega-3 fatty acids into their diet,” said Kjetil Bjornevik, MD, PhD, of Harvard University and member of the American Academy of Neurology. “It will now be important to conduct additional research looking specifically at the plant-based omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid in people with ALS to further explore this possibility.”

The study involved 449 people who had ALS with an average age of 58, who were followed over 18 months. Of the total participants, 126 or 28%, died by the end of the study.

Researchers looked at levels of omega-3 fatty acids in participants’ blood. They divided them into four groups based on lowest to highest amounts.

Participants took a test to assess their disease progression and severity of symptoms. The test measured 12 aspects of physical function including swallowing, speaking, chewing, and the ability to use muscles in the hands, arms, legs and torso, as well as respiratory function. Each category was scored from zero, meaning no ability, to four, meaning normal ability. Total scores ranged between zero to 48, with higher scores indicating better function and less severe symptoms.

Researchers found an omega-3 fatty acid called alpha-linolenic acid was the most beneficial. This acid is found in many seeds and oils, including flaxseed, walnuts, chia, hemp, and many common vegetable oils.

The people with the highest amount of alpha-linolenic acid had an average score of 38.3 at the start of the study, while the people with the lowest amount had an average score of 37.6.

A lower number of people from the group with the most alpha-linolenic acid died during the study, with 21 deaths, or 19%, compared to people in the lowest group, with 37 deaths or 33%.

After adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity, people with the highest amounts of alpha-linolenic acid had a 50% lower risk of death during the study compared to people with the lowest amount.

Higher levels of a specific omega-3 fatty acid called eicosapentaenoic acid that is found in fatty fish and fish oil supplements was also associated with a lower risk of death during the study.

A limitation of the study is the lack of access to data on the overall diet of the participants, including other nutrients and supplements as well as total caloric intake, which could all be associated with survival time in ALS.

The study was supported by the ALS Association.

A limitation of the study is the lack of access to data on the overall diet of the participants, including other nutrients and supplements as well as total caloric intake, which could all be associated with survival time in ALS.

Learn more about ALS at BrainandLife.org, home of the American Academy of Neurology’s free patient and caregiver magazine focused on the intersection of neurologic disease and brain health.

Given these findings, older adults on low-dose aspirin and their care providers may want to consider periodic monitoring of red blood cells or hemoglobin, the NIH said in a news release. Anemia in older adults is associated with functional decline, increased fatigue, disabilities, depressive symptoms, and cognition problems.

The study was published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Scientists from the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study examined the effect of long-term low-dose aspirin use on incident anemia and the effect of aspirin on changes in hemoglobin concentration, as well as ferritin levels, as an indicator of iron deficiency.

The researchers found that low-dose aspirin led to increased incident anemia in otherwise healthy older adults at enrollment, independent of major bleeding.

Previous ASPREE data analyses suggested daily low-dose aspirin does not decrease risk for dementia and cognitive decline; and that daily low-dose aspirin had no effect on healthy lifespan in older people.

ASPREE, a joint U.S. and Australian research project aimed at determining the effect of low-dose aspirin on survival without dementia or disability, began in 2010 and completed recruitment in 2014. It was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, primary prevention trial of daily 100 mg of aspirin in a population of healthy older people in the U.S. and Australia with a period of treatment averaging 4.5 years. The trial involving 19,114 people age 65 and older was distinctive for its size, methodological rigor, and high participant retention rate in both countries.

“As high blood pressure disproportionately affects Black, Hispanic and Indigenous populations in the U.S., the American Heart Association continues its commitment to improve health equity nationwide, we strive to ensure that everyone has access to resources for a healthier life,” said AHA volunteer president Michelle A. Albert, M.D., M.P.H., FAHA, the Walter A. Haas-Lucie Stern endowed chair in cardiology, professor of medicine and admissions dean at University of California San Francisco School of Medicine. “We appreciate the support from Elevance Health Foundation, which enables us to work in the communities where the need is greatest.”

Acccording to an AHA news release, a recent poll by the Association was designed to evaluate patient perceptions and barriers to blood pressure management in the home setting. The survey participants—patients with high blood pressure at clinics in under-resourced areas throughout the U.S.—were provided with blood pressure kits to monitor their blood pressure at home as part of the Building Healthier, Safer Communities Together initiative supported by Elevance .More than three quarters (88%) of the participants said that they planned to check their blood pressure levels at least once daily, and over half of the respondents (64%) said they believe that monitoring their blood pressure at home will help to improve their overall health.

The program is a community-based initiative focused on blood pressure control in medically under-resourced communities and is one component of a nationwide project with Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and other community clinics to facilitate and provide health education, guidance and resources to patients.

“Nearly half of all Americans have high blood pressure, which is why implementing interventions that target health measures – such as increased awareness and management of blood pressure – are crucial to not only improving the health of people living in historically under-resourced communities, but advancing equity for all,” said Shantanu Agrawal, M.D., chief health officer at Elevance Health. “Through this initiative, more than 3,500 patient care kits are in the hands of people at the highest risk, allowing them to monitor their blood pressure at home.”

According to research, community health workers can make a difference in improving patients’ access to care and treatment for health concerns such as high blood pressure. Community health workers can aid their patients and communities in various roles beyond just patient medical care, including providing health education, linking people with social services, and improving overall patient-health professional communication.

Communication is important, according to many of the survey responses. When patients were asked what could help them monitor their blood pressure at home, 38% replied that regular in-person consultations with a doctor or a nurse would be helpful, and 26% responded that more opportunities for education on blood pressure and hypertension would be helpful.

Adult patients from 11 clinics in nine markets throughout the U.S. who were diagnosed with high blood pressure and received a self-monitoring blood pressure kit were invited to participate in the survey. The survey was planned to identify gaps in knowledge of patients encouraged to regularly monitor their blood pressure at home, and is part of the Building Healthier, Safer Communities Together (BHSCT) program. Through the BHSCT initiative, the American Heart Association provided primary healthcare professionals with 350 patient care kits in 16 under-resourced target communities, Baton Rouge, La., New Orleans, La., Houston, Atlanta, Ga., Des Moines, Nashville, Tenn., Newport, Tenn., Los Angeles, Calif., Seattle, Wash., St. Louis, Mo., New York, N.Y., Indianapolis, Ind., Miami, Fla. and Cincinnati, Ohio, to distribute to their high-risk patients in support of remote blood pressure monitoring. The purpose of this evaluation is to use survey-based data collection to assess participant characteristics, perceptions and barriers to blood pressure management. This evaluation will inform the program for the next two years.

The program is a community-based initiative focused on blood pressure control in medically under-resourced communities and is supported by Elevance. Surveys were provided in both English and Spanish, and participants had the option to complete the 18-question survey in electronic form on a tablet during a clinic visit, or in a paper format. Data was collected between August 2021 and June 2022 and analyzed by the Evaluation Team in the Qualtrics system on behalf of the AHA. A total of 317 participants attempted the survey, 80% of whom were age 45 and older. Most of the responses received were from the electronic version of the survey (64%).[7] The majority of respondents identified as female (55%), aged 45-64 (59%), and as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (58%).

It’s a question that’s been asked of consumers for decades. And despite the increasing popularity of digital payment methods, cash and card remain the most popular choices worldwide. In 2021, 65 percent of all point-of-sale transactions globally were made using cash or card, according to Fidelity National Information Services. 

Past research shows that 90 percent of households use multiple payment methods, but new research from the University of Notre Dame takes a first look into how consumers choose between them. The study finds that the justifiability of a purchase affects how consumers choose to pay.

“Purchase Justifiability Drives Payment Choice: Consumers Pay With Card To Remember And Cash To Forget” is forthcoming in the Journal of the Association for Consumer Research from Christopher Bechler, assistant professor of marketing in Notre Dame’s Mendoza College of Business, along with Szu-chi Huang from Stanford University and Joshua Morris, data science manager for Nike.

“When a purchase is difficult to justify — like buying an overpriced bottle of water at the airport, cigarettes or candy — consumers pay with less-trackable methods, like cash, so they can eliminate the paper or electronic trail and ‘forget’ this guilty purchase,” said Bechler, who specializes in consumer behavior and social psychology with an emphasis on attitudes, persuasion and financial decision-making. “When a purchase is easy to justify, consumers have no problem paying with trackable methods like credit cards that create paper or electronic trails.”

Despite the vast amount of research on financial decision-making in behavioral economics, consumer behavior and social psychology, this is the first study to take an in-depth look at how consumers choose to pay.

The team analyzed real transaction data from 118,042 purchases and manipulated the justifiability of purchases consumers imagined making in six experiments on more than 5,000 individuals. They hoped to capture the causal effect of hard-to-justify purchases on consumers’ intentions to use cash vs. a credit or debit card.

“I think a lot of consumers — particularly those who diligently track their card expenses — recognize that they use cash so they don’t have to think about certain purchases again,” Bechler said. “In fact, this strategy of using cash to hide purchases from ourselves if we feel bad about them is something my co-authors and I admitted to doing ourselves.”

The findings show merchants it’s a good idea to be strategic with the types of payment methods they allow.

“A doughnut shop could benefit from letting its customers pay with cash because they may want to forget their unhealthy purchase,” Bechler said. “A salad shop might not see the same benefit.”

And as the world turns to cryptocurrencies and new payment methods, the study underscores implications for both merchants and financial institutions designing payment methods of the future. Bechler said understanding the factors that affect how consumers choose to pay could be important for predicting which new methods will succeed.

A woman’s body produces less estrogen and progesterone after menopause, changes that may increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, according to the American Heart Association.

Hormone therapy may be prescribed to relieve symptoms of menopause, in gender-affirming care and in contraception, and previous studies have found that some hormone therapies may reduce cardiovascular disease risk in menopausal women under 60 years of age or for whom it has been fewer than 10 years since menopause. The authors of this study noted that while high blood pressure is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the potential effects of different types of hormone therapy on blood pressure in menopausal women remain uncertain.

“It’s really important to have greater knowledge on safe and effective hormonal treatments for women during menopause. At the end of the day, it’s an individualized decision about what is best for the person going through menopause and should include open dialogue with their physician or health care team,” Ahmed said. “We need large, randomized studies factoring in all the complexities of hormone therapy around this important transition period in the female lifecycle.”

“We know estrogens ingested orally are metabolized through the liver, and this is associated with an increase in factors that can lead to higher blood pressure,” said lead study author Cindy Kalenga, an M.D./Ph.D.-candidate at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada.

“We know that post-menopausal women have increased risk of high blood pressure when compared to pre-menopausal women. Fthermore, previous studies have shown that specific types of hormone therapy have been associated with higher rates of heart disease,” Kalenga said. “We chose to dive deeper into factors associated with hormone therapy, such as the route of administration (oral vs. non-oral) and type of estrogen, and how they may affect blood pressure.”

This study involved a large group of over 112,000 women, ages 45 years and older, who filled at least two consecutive prescriptions (a six-month cycle) for estrogen-only hormone therapy, as identified from health administrative data in Alberta, Canada between 2008 and 2019. The main outcome of high blood pressure (hypertension) was identified via health records.T

First, researchers investigated the relationship between route of estrogen-only hormone therapy administration and risk of developing high blood pressure at least one year after starting the treatment. The 3 different routes of hormone therapy administration were oral (by mouth), transdermal and vaginal application. Additionally, researchers evaluated the formulation of estrogen used and the risk of developing high blood pressure. For this study, the researchers reviewed medical records of individuals taking estrogen-only hormone therapy. The two most common forms of estrogen used by study participants were estradiol — a synthetic form of estrogen that most closely mimics what is naturally produced in women’s bodies in the premenopausal years — and conjugated equine estrogen, an animal-derived form of estrogen and the oldest type of estrogen therapy.

The analysis found:

Women taking oral estrogen therapy had a 14% higher risk of developing high blood pressure compared to those using transdermal estrogen and a 19% higher risk of developing high blood pressure compared to those using vaginal estrogen creams or suppositories.

After accounting for age, a stronger association was seen among women younger than 70 years of age compared to women older than 70.

Compared to estradiol, conjugated equine estrogen was associated with an 8% increased risk of developing high blood pressure.

Taking estrogen for a longer period of time or taking a higher dose was associated with greater risk of high blood pressure, the authors noted. According to Kalenga, the study’s findings suggest that if menopausal woman take hormone therapy, there are different types of estrogen that may have lower cardiovascular risks.

“These may include low-dose, non-oral estrogen — like estradiol, in transdermal or vaginal forms — for the shortest possible time period, based on individual symptoms and the risk–benefit ratio, Kalenga said. “These may also be associated with the lowest risk of hypertension. Of course, this must be balanced with the important benefits of hormone therapy, which include treatment of common menopausal symptoms.”

The average age of natural menopause among women worldwide is about 50 years of age. Current evidence supports that initiating menopausal hormone therapy in the early stages may have cardiovascular benefits, though not in the late stages of menopause, according to the American Heart Association’s 2020 Statement on Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention. Previous studies have found that menopausal hormone therapy may help relieve symptoms of menopause, including hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes or sleep disturbances.

“Over a quarter of the world’s population of women are currently older than the age of 50. By 2025, it’s estimated that there will be one billion menopausal individuals on the planet,” said study co-author Sofia B. Ahmed, M.D., M.M.Sc., a professor of medicine at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. “Approximately 80% of people going through menopause have symptoms, and for some it lasts up to seven years. While menopause is a normal part of the aging process, it has huge implications for quality of life, economic impact, work productivity and social relationships. We need to give people the information they need to choose the most effective and safe hormonal treatments for menopause.”

The study had several limitations. The impact of different forms of hormone therapy on high blood pressure outcomes were based only on medical records. The study did not include women younger than the age of 45 and did not collect data about hysterectomies or menopausal status; however, the researchers used initiation of estrogen therapy in women over the age of 45 to indicate postmenopausal status. The researchers included estrogen-only therapy in this study, which is most often prescribed for women who have had a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus), whereas women with an intact uterus may receive a combination of estrogen and progestin, another type of hormone. This means these findings may only be considered for women taking estrogen-only hormone therapy, the authors noted. Additionally, the study’s findings cannot offer definitive insights on other populations who may benefit from estrogen hormone therapy, including women who have an intact uterus or women who experience premature or early menopause.

The research study reviewed women in Canada, which may present differences. However, current guidelines in Canada align with U.S. guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Both recommend the use of hormone therapy in women with appropriate indications and note that hormone therapy should not be considered as prevention or treatment of hypertension or heart disease.

Make decisions with your doctor that meet your needs.
Discuss risks, benefits, and costs of tests and treatments. Ask about other options and preventive things you can do.
Be sure you are getting the message.
If you have trouble hearing, ask your doctor to face you when talking and to speak louder and more clearly.
Tell the doctor if you feel rushed, worried, or uncomfortable.
You can offer to return for a second visit or follow up by phone or email.
Learn more about communicating with your doctor:
https:/www.nia.nih.gov/health/ doctor-patient-communication.
National Institute on Aging

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States—more than even all types of cancer combined. One of the simplest indicators of a person’s heart health is their cholesterol levels. But what exactly is cholesterol, and what kind of tests are available? Dr. Robert Segal, a board-certified cardiologist and founder of Manhattan Cardiology, has answers to those questions and more.

First and most importantly, what exactly is cholesterol?

“Cholesterol is a natural, waxy substance made by the liver that’s found in most tissues of the body. It has a lot of important uses from digestion to hormone production,” says Segal.

The liver produces enough cholesterol for all of the body’s functional needs, but cholesterol can also be found in many foods. In effect, this dietary cholesterol can lead to having too much cholesterol overall in the body—and in particular in the bloodstream—where it starts to stick together and build up.

“Because of cholesterol’s waxiness, it can stick to the inner walls of arteries. Once that starts, more and more cholesterol tends to build up, narrowing and hardening the arteries. This increases blood pressure, decreases the supply of oxygen to the heart, and can directly cause a heart attack,” says Segal.

There are a few different types of cholesterol that are important to know about.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol or “L” for “lousy”, although the body does need a small amount of LDL cholesterol for normal functioning. Lower LDL levels are associated with lower risk of heart disease and stroke.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL). This is often referred to as “good” cholesterol. HDL cholesterol can collect extra LDL cholesterol and return it to the liver to be broken down and removed from the body. Higher HDL levels are associated with lower risk of heart disease and stroke.

Triglycerides. This is a type of fatty compound the body uses to store extra energy. Triglycerides can be broken down later to release energy, but if the need never arises, the fat continues to build up. Lower levels of triglycerides are generally healthier.

“Often times when someone’s cholesterol levels are too high, there aren’t any noticeable symptoms until they have a heart attack or a stroke. But if someone knows they have high cholesterol, there’s a lot that can be done to lower their risk of those dramatic outcomes. That’s why it’s so important for people to regularly have their cholesterol levels tested. This is generally a simple procedure that can be performed during an annual physical,” says Segal.

There are several types of cholesterol tests available. Some are more generalized, while others have more specific uses.

• Lipid Panel. This very common test can be performed in a doctor’s office and yields results in a couple of days. Blood is drawn and sent to a laboratory for analysis. This type of test typically directly measures total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides, and then uses this information to calculate LDL levels.

• HDL-C test. This test is usually ordered as needed as a follow up test to a standard lipid panel. It can show whether HDL levels have gone either up or down since a previous screening.

• LDL-C test. Where a standard lipid panel uses a formula to calculate LDL levels, this test directly measures LDL cholesterol. For people with very high triglyceride levels, this may provide a more accurate assessment of LDL levels.

• Lipoprotein (a) = LpA  The amount of lipoprotein in your blood is determined by a lipoprotein test. You may be at an increased risk for heart disease and stroke if you have a high level of lipoprotein (a). 

• CAC test. A coronary artery calcium score uses a CT scan instead of a blood draw. The scan measures the amount of calcium in the arteries around the heart to determine how much plaque is built up. This type of test can help doctors decide if someone would benefit from taking statins (a type of medication) to lower their cholesterol. The higher the calcium score, the higher risk of heart disease.

“Cholesterol tests are an efficient and effective way to find out if someone’s cholesterol levels are too high. But that information is only useful if some sort of action is taken,” says Segal.

While statins and other medications are one available option, most of the time the most significant long-term benefits can be gained from making lifestyle changes.

A diet low in trans fat and saturated fats, refined sugars, and red meats can help lower cholesterol. These foods can be replaced with fish, fresh vegetables, nuts, legumes, seeds, and whole grains. Regular moderate exercise, healthy sleep habits, managing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting tobacco products are also all associated with improved heart health.

“The best part is that these options don’t require special equipment or a prescription. They’re simple concepts that most people understand intuitively. Sometimes it’s just about getting back to basics,” said Segal.

Manhattan Cardiology is the premier facility for preventive cardiology treatment in New York. Our cardiologists practice under the guiding principle that early detection is the best form of prevention.  www.manhattancardiology.com